46 OkuMen – Just some dudes translating some games

Appareden is 30 years old? Neat!

December 8, 2025 kuoushi News

You heard that right. The latest game we translated has just turned 30 years old. That’s a pretty long time. Almost as time as it makes some people (kuoushi) to fix some issues!

So on the day of Appareden’s 30th anniversary, we’ve released a small patch that will fix the game to be fully playable. That’s right, no more crashes. Well, maybe some crashes, but at least now you can probably beat the game. This recent version doesn’t fix EVERYTHING that we’d like to fix, but this is the most important one. We’ll probably save that for when we finish the manual and other physical stuff (in-progress!) that we’re still going to release with 1.0.0.

Oh, and if you were having problems with the CD audio some people had, we did figure that out. Basically, there were some DOS issues that needed to be fixed. More info on that in the project page’s FAQ.

And then, another thing that we forgot to do… our bug report form! We forgot to add in Apppareden. That’s fixed, so if you do have issues, then you can send those in to us at the normal place.

That’s it for now. Hope to hear that more people have had fun playing the game!

Time to explore the fantastic world of Japan. The Appareden: The Sacrosanct Dragon patch is out!

February 7, 2025 kuoushi Releases

Hello out there, been a long while since our last post.

The biggest, and most delayed, release is out and ready for people to play!

Go check out our release patch for Appareden: The Sacrosanct Dragon and let us know what you think about the game.

Check out more from us about the release on the Project page.

Modifying text display ASM in Rusty (FolkuLore, part 4)

March 5, 2019 hollowaytape FolkuLore

When a game’s developer writes code, they usually* do it in a reasonably high-level language like C++. They have access to all sorts of nice things like variable names, function labels, comments, and so forth. When it comes time to run the code, it is compiled through something like Borland Turbo C++, and it is translated into assembly language (ASM) for the target platform, in this case the PC-98’s x86 processor. The compilation process strips away all of the useful names of things, determines exactly how all of the data needs to move between registers and memory, and does what it can to optimize the program. This much more difficult-to-understand code is what remains in the final .EXE that ships on the game disk. Since we don’t have the source code, we need to look to the ASM in order to understand and modify the game.

I had a lot of unsuccessful interactions with assembly language, across several projects, before I was finally able to successfully modify it, which I needed to for Rusty.

Compression in Rusty (FolkuLore, part 3)

November 20, 2018 hollowaytape FolkuLore

While we were finishing up the E.V.O. translation, we weren’t sure whether we wanted to work on more translations together. Our group didn’t even have a name yet. But we were starting to test the waters a little bit. Kuoushi was looking at Libros de Chilam Balam, and I was hearing about some other games in the PC-98 Discord server. I came across a tweet from another PC-98 romhacker, Nana, who had this to say about Rusty:

Rusty is the primary reason this little collage got out two days later than I had intended, haha. Game's code is a nightmare.

— Nana (@Nana_VS_Nana) September 1, 2016

I had at least heard of the game before from its HG101 article, and for some reason I wanted a challenge.

Rusty was kind of a weird project in retrospect – it’s in a genre we usually ignore (hard action platformer), it looks an awful lot like it’d be a hentai game (which we just claimed we wouldn’t work on), and it doesn’t even have that much text. But it was where I started to develop some proper romhacking skills, like assembly modification and handling data compression

.GDT images in E.V.O. (FolkuLore, part 2)

October 2, 2018 hollowaytape FolkuLore

Last time, we looked at a problem that turned out to be far easier for hacking a PC game than a console one. Today, we’re looking at a problem that is really only an issue for PC games.

These older game consoles tend to have specialized graphical hardware that works in terms of sprites and tiles, so their graphics are stored in a similar way from game to game. The PC-98 is a business computer that’s really good at displaying high-resolution text, but graphics-wise, programmers had to roll their own solutions for everything. As a result, pretty much every developer created and used their own proprietary format for storing graphics. E.V.O.’s developer, Almanic, used a format called .GDT.

Text encoding in E.V.O. (FolkuLore, part 1)

September 25, 2018 hollowaytape FolkuLore

Hi! This is hollowaytape, the hacker/developer for 46 OkuMen. Today marks three years since we formed this group. We’re hard at work on some non-technical parts of our current and future projects, so I thought I would take this chance to write a little series about my prouder moments from our first handful of translation hacks.

First, I will describe the process of random flailing, blind luck, and help from others that led to the key breakthroughs of our first few projects. Then, I’ll step through a few of the more impressive technical things I could accomplish once I had a firmer grounding in x86 assembly. Finally, I’ll talk about some of the absurd technical hurdles I’ve found in games we haven’t picked up as projects, which I haven’t been able to solve.

They aren’t tutorials or rigorous technical documents. Instead, I’m hoping just to give you a taste of what PC-98 romhacking is like, give some advice if you’re tackling a similar problem, and share some amusing and dumb things I thought along the way.

Yep, we’re still around!

January 30, 2018 hollowaytape News

Things have been quiet around here, but I assure you we’re still at it.

Our Stuff

Appareden‘s translation draft is currently sitting at 79%, and all of that has been reinserted into the game. The worst of the bugs and crashes have been fixed, and the main assembly hacks have all been implemented, seemingly without breaking anything else.

We’ve begun work on translating and editing the images, too, after a painstaking process of ripping and unscrambling them all.

With that much of the game reinserted, we’ve been able to start an actual playthrough. Now the non-Japanese-speaking members of the team can see what the game is actually like! hollowaytape estimates he’s about 1/3 of the way through the game at this point. Here are a few things he’s seen along the way:

46 OkuMen is now two years older!

September 25, 2017 kuoushi News

This actually happened yesterday, but between focus on real life and working on Appareden, we didn’t get this post out on the exact anniversary date. We’ll hit that date next year with something cool maybe. Or just another one of these posts, which should also totally count as something cool. Also, we didn’t post a one year anniversary post because we hadn’t exactly released any translation patches yet. Hell, we didn’t even have a group name until a month after that, and a website a month after that. That should give you an idea about how young the group really is.

In any case, let’s get to the meat of today’s post!

Our expectations on the response to CRW Metal Jacket were exceeded! (+Pachy98 Stuff)

July 19, 2017 kuoushi News

So it’s been over 2 weeks since we released our English translation patch for CRW Metal Jacket, and let me tell you, the response has been well beyond what we were expecting. As the project page states, we were expecting the game to be a “weekend project” (which turned into about a month of real work after Rusty was completed) and just something that we did to kind of improve our general abilities with games on the PC-98 platform. The game itself is relatively obscure, not too long, and has a lot of little bugs and other things that feel unfinished or cut out. That doesn’t detract too much from it being a fun game with some solid gameplay, but it forced us to kind of moderate our expectations with how it’d be received when we released the translation patch.

Before we get too much into the response to CRW Metal Jacket, we thought it’d be fun and slightly topical to mention that Pachy98 has just been used to release an updated patch for Die Bahnwelt, a game developed by Glodia and released on Sharp x68000 computers! It’s a really great looking top-down action game set in a pretty neat science fiction world. Also, you’ll notice that I said Glodia developed the game, which is why I called this a sort of topical announcement as we just recently announced we were going to begin work on translating Different Realm: The Eternal Sage, also developed by Glodia. This is the first patch to use Pachy98 that wasn’t released by us here at 46 OkuMen, so it’s a neat thing for us to see. Find out more about it over at RadicalR and Non-Directional Translations’ site!

Announcing a new project… Different Realm: The Eternal Sage!

July 10, 2017 kuoushi Project Announcement

For those of you who follow our group with any amount of frequency, this particular announcement will feel like it was a long time coming. When we started to explore our options for other games to work on when we were nearing the end of work on our first project, E.V.O.: The Theory of Evolution, we came across a developer whose projects all seemed consistently well-made and well-received in Japan, but only one of their games (Emerald Dragon) had ever been ported to consoles and seen any kind of release outside of Japanese PC systems. So despite their obvious enthusiasm and love for their work, none of their games received any kind of attention from Western audiences aside from the aforementioned Emerald Dragon for the SNES receiving a fan translation in 2014.

If you haven’t figured it out by now, that company’s name is Glodia. One of their games in particular caught our eye as a super interesting RPG with a huge amount of lore surrounding the world itself, and we’re here to officially announce that we’re working on bringing that game to Western audiences with a proper English translation.